Searching for Answers: Knowledge Sourcing Strategies

It is well documented that individuals use their contacts to access the knowledge they require in order to get their job done. What is less studied is the variety of search strategies individuals follow when trying to access knowledge. For example, when do individuals turn to reference sources, such as the Internet or the library, when do they post queries en masse to a listserv, and when do they contact particular other individuals? In particular, what determines the sequence in which individuals access these knowledge sources? In order to address these questions, we are conducting a case study of a community of forensic scientists who are members of the state forensic DNA laboratories from around the United States. These labs are involved in analyzing crime scene evidence, typing samples from convicts, and administering the database of samples collected from casework and convicts. Because of the complexity and continuous evolution of the technology, members of the system depend on each others’ experience and expertise and are constantly seeking to augment their knowledge. Preliminary analysis supports a number of propositions: (1) There is a substantial variation of knowledge sourcing strategies from individual to individual. Some individuals immediately contact peers; others will only consult references and, at most, close confidantes. (2) The sequence of knowledge sourcing is contingent on the nature of the problem as well as on an individual’s personality. (3) Individuals predominantly reach outside their organization to source knowledge; either because they believe that the required knowledge is not available within the organization, or for fear of exposing themselves.